8/17/2023 0 Comments Covid 19 dashboardThe research protocol was approved (CEIm 10/21 with N° 4.468). Further details about this cohort are available elsewhere. We obtained information from clinical records of all adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with a positive COVID-19 clinical diagnosis upon hospital admission, confirmed either by positive antigen or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. This is an observational, longitudinal study in a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 admitted at the Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain from February 2020 to September 2022. Our objective is to determine the association of ABO group types (if any) in hospitalized patients admitted acutely for COVID-19, and to explore it also in patients with Long COVID. Finally, to date a possible association of the ABO group with the development of Long COVID has not been explored, except from a small study from Najaf, Iraq. However, any association of ABO blood types with COVID-19 remains questionable. Red blood cells precursors express ACE-2 receptor and CD147 at day 5 of differentiation, which makes them susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is also well established that SARS-CoV-2 binds to human cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) receptor. It is established that differences in ABO blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to a number of infectious agents, including viruses. Notably, others have meta-analysed the same evidence, yet with inconclusive findings. A number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are already available, signaling to a modest association, initially with type A and later with AB. Contrary to other determinants, this relationship of ABO blood group with COVID-19 has been highly controversial. In 2020, it was hypothesized that the ABO blood group could be related to the predisposition to and severity of COVID-19. The available information about risk and protective factors of incident COVID-19 and Long COVID is rich and still growing. It has been recently estimated that about one in seven individuals do not fully recover after the acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 at twelve months. This new yet ill-defined condition, encompasses a series of symptoms and ailments that has received many names. Now we know that many COVID-19 patients do not fully recover, and suffer for months (or years) a condition called Long COVID. Madrid, Email: Tel: +34 91 520 24 76, Fax: +34 91 520 25 60.įunding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Mª del Mar Ortega Gómez, Secretary of CEIm, CEIm La Princesa University Hospital. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Upon request and formal ethics approval, unidentified data and materials could be available, as there are legal or ethical restrictions on sharing data publicly from our Ethics Committee, that is CEIm La Princesa University Hospital. Received: MaAccepted: Published: June 2, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Soriano et al. PLoS ONE 18(6):Įditor: Antonio Jesus Barrenechea-Pulache, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, PERU (2023) ABO blood group as a determinant of COVID-19 and Long COVID: An observational, longitudinal, large study. The effect of the Rh+ factor was also not significant 1,423 regarding Long COVID.Ĭitation: Soriano JB, Peláez A, Busquets X, Rodrigo-García M, Pérez-Urría EÁ, Alonso T, et al. In a multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and severity of acute COVID-19 infection, subgroups A, AB, and B were not significantly associated with developing Long COVID with an OR of 1.015, 1.327 and 0.965, respectively. The distribution of the ABO system of Long COVID patients did not show significant differences with respect to that of the total group (p ≥ 0.843). In parallel, of 676 patients with Long COVID, blood group determination was available for 135 (20.0%). Their distribution by ABO was: 653 (43.2%) group 0, 690 (45.6%) A, 113 (7.5%) B, and 57 (3.8%) AB, which corresponds to the expected frequencies in the general population. Up to September 2022, there were a total of 5,832 acute COVID-19 hospitalizations in our hospital, corresponding to 5,503 individual patients, of whom blood group determination was available for 1,513 (27.5%).
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